Actinic Keratosis

Actinic Keratosis (AK) - Frequently Asked Questions

What is AK?

AK is skin that has thickened or has an anomaly of the horny layer of the skin due to over-exposure to ultraviolet (UV-B) light.

What does it look like?

  • AKs can occur singly although they usually consist of multiple growths.
  • Both single and multiple growths are slow growing.
  • They are small with a diameter of less than 1 cm.
  • AKs are dry, rough yellow brown lesions with well-defined scales that do not flake off.

They may become thick and horny, and sometimes bleed.
 
A typical AK lesion:

Please note, the appearance of AK can vary among individuals.

What are the symptoms?

There are few symptoms, the affected skin feels rough and dry, and a few AKs are slightly tender.

Who is at risk?

Those individuals at risk are usually of fair skin, have a tendency to burn rather than tan, and have freckling. Individuals who are over 70 and have experienced repeated sun exposure without taking precautions are particularly at risk, however it can occur at any age.

Is it a skin cancer?

No. AK is not classed as skin cancer and often may not get any larger or even disappear. However AK has a small but significant probability of developing into a squamous-cell carcinoma , i.e. a type of skin cancer. It should therefore be treated.

Does it lead to any other illnesses?

Yes. It is important that AK is diagnosed and treated as soon as possible as it can lead to the development of skin cancer, as mentioned above.

How is it diagnosed?

AKs are usually diagnosed by clinical examination.

What treatment options do I have available?

  • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - Metvix®
  • Cryotherapy.
  • Surgical approaches
    • Curettage
  • Topical therapies
    • 5- Fluorouracil
    • 3% Diclofenac Gel
    • 5% Imiquimod Cream

Your doctor can tell you the advantages and disadvantages of all the available treatments.

Can it be cured?

Yes, treatment is usually successful. Early detection is advisable.

What future precautions should I take?

  • Always avoid strong sunlight whenever possible.
  • Use a sun block with a SPF of at least 30.
  • Wear clothing that keeps your skin covered while out in the sun.
  • Examine your skin frequently and if there are any changes make an appointment with your dermatologist or doctor.