Actinic Keratosis

Actinic Keratosis (AK) Fact Sheet

Actinic Keratosis overview

The name Actinic Keratosis (AK; sometimes called solar keratosis) derives from the fact that it occurs only in those areas of the skin that have been exposed to sun light for extended periods of time. The term “actinic” means “radiation-induced” and “solar” means “from the sun”. “Keratosis” means “disorder of cornification” i.e. you can feel the skin has thickened or is horny.

How is the sun responsible for the development of AK?

There is a certain part of sunlight that is responsible for the development of AK. This is the middle energy range of ultraviolet light known as UV-B radiation. When certain skin cells are exposed to UV-B for many years then permanent changes in the cells' normal activity can occur. Another source of UV-B radiation exposure is from sun beds and other tanning apparatus.

Is this a skin cancer?

No. AK is not classed as skin cancer and often may not get any larger or even disappear. However AK lesions can develop into a squamous-cell carcinoma, i.e. a type of skin cancer. It should therefore be treated.

Is treatment successful?

Yes, treatment is usually successful. Early treatment is advisable.

What are the treatment options?

There are a number of ways that AK can be successfully treated. These include:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) -  Metvix® treatment involves a cream that makes the affected skin cells sensitive to a particular light. The light is then beamed onto the treated area, which causes the affected cells to be selectively destroyed.
  • Surgery - direct removal of the area(s) affected.
  • Cryotherapy - freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen.
  • Topical creams for external application which are sometimes combined with a laser.

Your healthcare professional can advise on the most suitable treatment in your case.

How can I look after my skin in future?

  • Always avoid strong sunlight when possible.
  • Use a sun block with a SPF of at least 30.
  • Wear clothing that keeps your skin covered while out in the sun.
  • Examine your skin frequently and if there are any changes make an appointment with your dermatologist or doctor.